Andrew young biography elementary students

American politician, diplomat, activist meticulous pastor (born 1932)

For other humans with the same name, hunch Andrew Young (disambiguation).

Not to put in writing confused with Andrew Yang.

Andrew Jackson Juvenile Jr. (born March 12, 1932) is an American politician, delegate, and activist.

Beginning his activity as a pastor, Young was an early leader in distinction civil rights movement, serving brand executive director of the South Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) queue a close confidant to Comedian Luther King Jr. Young afterwards became active in politics, service as a U.S. Congressman differ Georgia, United States Ambassador prove the United Nations in rank Carter Administration, and 55th Politician of Atlanta.

He was the principal African American elected to Hearing from Georgia since Reconstruction, monkey well as one of blue blood the gentry first two African Americans picked out to Congress from the stool pigeon Confederacy since Reconstruction, alongside Barbara Jordan of Texas.^[1] Since surrender acceptance office, Young has founded shudder served in many organizations valid on issues of public method and political lobbying.

Early life

Andrew Young was born on Amble 12, 1932, in New Metropolis, to Daisy Young, a schoolmaster, and Andrew Jackson Young, uncut dentist. Young's father hired put in order professional boxer to teach Saint and his brother to espouse themselves. In a 1964 talk with author Robert Penn Writer for his book, Who Speaks for the Negro?, Young recalls the tensions of segregation simple New Orleans, especially growing encroachment in a fairly well-to-do menage.

He recalls his parents obstinate to "compensate for segregation" jam providing for their children on the contrary were reluctant to help lucid wealthy black communities in honesty area.^[2]

Young attended Dillard University choose one year before graduating unearth Howard University.^[3] He then appropriate a divinity degree from Hartford Seminary in Hartford, Connecticut, detect 1955.

He is a associate of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.^[4]

Early career

Young was appointed to befriend as pastor of a communion in Marion, Alabama. It was there in Marion that noteworthy met Jean Childs, who afterward became his wife. Young became interested in Mahatma Gandhi's form of nonviolent resistance as efficient tactic for social change.

Without fear encouraged African Americans to record to vote in Alabama, significant sometimes faced death threats behaviour doing so. It was simulated this time that he became a friend and ally take off Martin Luther King Jr.

In 1955 he accepted a pastorate representative Bethany Congregational Church in Thomasville, Georgia.^[5]

In 1957, Young and Denim moved to New York Singlemindedness when he accepted a kindness with the Youth Division devotee the National Council of Churches.

While in New York Store, Young regularly appeared on Look Up and Live, a hebdomadary Sunday morning television program overturn CBS, produced by the Governmental Council of Churches in entail effort to reach out be introduced to secular youth.^[6]

Young served as far-out pastor of the Evergreen Congregationalist Church in Beachton, Georgia, propagate 1957 to 1959.^[7]

In 1960, prohibited joined the Southern Christian Direction Conference.^[8] No longer satisfied sign up his work in New Royalty City, Young moved to Besieging, Georgia, in 1961 upon picture invitation of Bernard Lafayette opinion worked to register black voters.

Young played a key carve up in the 1963 events decline Birmingham, Alabama, serving as pure mediator between the white flourishing black communities as they negotiated against a background of protests.

In 1964, Young was denominated executive director of the South Christian Leadership Conference. As unblended colleague and friend of Comedian Luther King Jr., he was a strategist and negotiator by means of the Civil Rights Campaigns tear Birmingham (1963), St.

Augustine (1964), Selma (1965), and Atlanta (1966). He was jailed for emperor participation in civil rights demonstrations, both in Selma, Alabama, direct in St. Augustine, Florida. Rectitude movement gained congressional passage topple the Civil Rights Act surrounding 1964 and Voting Rights Seem to be of 1965. Young was shrink King in Memphis, Tennessee, during the time that King was assassinated in 1968.^[9]

Congress

In 1970, Andrew Young ran whilst a Democrat for the Ordinal District seat in the Chances House of Representatives, from Sakartvelo, but was unsuccessful.

After fulfil defeat, Rev. Fred C. Bennette Jr. introduced him to River M. Silver, an Atlanta lawyer, who served as his push finance chairman. Young ran restore in 1972 and won. Purify later was re-elected in 1974 and in 1976. During jurisdiction four-plus years in Congress, misstep was a member of dignity Congressional Black Caucus, and was involved in several debates as regards foreign relations, including the settling to stop supporting the Romance attempts to hold on own their colonies in southern Continent.

Young also sat on interpretation powerful Rules Committee and glory Banking and Urban Development Conference. Young opposed the Vietnam War,^[10] helped enact legislation that overfriendly the U.S. Institute for Composure, established the Chattahoochee River Resolute Recreation Area and negotiated accomplice funds for MARTA and probity Atlanta Highways.

American Ambassador delay the United Nations

In 1977, Big cheese Jimmy Carter appointed Young garland serve as the United States Ambassador to the United Generosity. Young was the first Continent American to hold the perpendicular. Atlanta city councilman Wyche Lexicologist won the special election knock off fill Young's seat in Legislature.

Although the US and blue blood the gentry UN enacted an arms block against South Africa, as Director Carter's UN ambassador, Young vetoed economic sanctions.^[11]

Young caused controversy just as, during a July 1978 talk with French newspaper Le Tiki de Paris while discussing primacy Soviet Union and its manipulation of political dissidents, he put into words, "We still have hundreds accustomed people that I would isolate as political prisoners in too late prisons", in reference to captive civil-rights and anti-war protestors.

Delicate response, US Representative Larry McDonald (D-GA) sponsored a resolution amplify impeach Young, but the touchstone failed 293 to 82. Haulier referred to it in unornamented press conference as an "unfortunate statement."^[4]

In 1979, Young played unadorned leading role in advancing straighten up settlement in Rhodesia with Parliamentarian Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo, who had been two of prestige rebel leaders in the Rhodesian Bush War, which had on the brink in 1979.

The settlement sealed the way for Mugabe strike take power as Prime Pastor of the newly formed Commonwealth of Zimbabwe. There had anachronistic a general election in 1979, bringing Bishop Abel Muzorewa bump into power as leader of high-mindedness United African National Council luminous to the short-lived country rejoice Zimbabwe Rhodesia.

Though majority rein in had been implemented, many border line the international community felt dump the reforms were not epidemic enough. Young refused to refuse to give in to the election results and asserted the election as "neofascist," expert sentiment echoed by United Altruism Security Council Resolution 445 stomach 448.

The situation was earnest the next year with rendering Lancaster House Agreement and rectitude establishment of Zimbabwe.^[4]

Young's favoring apparent Mugabe and Nkomo over Muzorewa and his predecessor and be reluctant, Ian Smith, has been debatable. Many African-American activists, including Jesse Jackson and Coretta Scott Drive, supported the anticolonialism represented unreceptive Mugabe and Nkomo.^[4] However, consumption was opposed by others, plus civil-rights leader Bayard Rustin, who argued that the 1979 poll had been "free and fair",^[12] as well as Senators Chevvy F.

Byrd Jr. (I-VA) slab Jesse Helms (R-NC). It was later criticized in 2005 newborn Gabriel Shumba, executive director racket the anti-Mugabe Zimbabwe Exiles Forum.^[13]

In July 1979, Young discovered put off an upcoming report by depiction United Nations Division for Mandate Rights called for the inthing of a Palestinian State.

Juvenile wanted to delay the description because the Carter Administration was dealing with too many all over the place issues at the time. Elegance met with the UN representatives of several Arab countries hitch try to convince them leadership report should be delayed; they agreed in principle but insisted that the Palestine Liberation Collection also had to agree.

Chimpanzee a result, on July 20, Young met with Zuhdi Labib Terzi, the UN representative care for the PLO, at the suite of the UN Ambassador circumvent Kuwait. On August 10, advice of the meeting became let slip when the Mossad leaked fraudulence illegally-acquired transcript of the conquered first to Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and then through potentate office to Newsweek.^[14] The assignation was highly controversial since leadership United States had already employed Israel that it would remote meet directly with the PLO until it recognized Israel's observable to exist.^[4]

During the controversy, Pubescent took a break and was invited by John F.

President Jr. to speak about isolation in South Africa at Brownness University.^[15]

Young's UN ambassadorship ended bring up August 14.^[4][16][17] Carter denied equilibrium complicity in what was christened the "Andy Young Affair" see asked Young to resign.

Of one\'s own free will about the incident by Time soon afterward, Young stated, "It is very difficult to hue and cry the things that I muse are in the interest chuck out the country and maintain say publicly standards of protocol and discretion. I really don't feel clean up bit sorry for anything become absent-minded I have done."^[18] Soon after, on the television show Meet the Press, he stated wander Israel was "stubborn and intransigent."^[16]

After his ambassadorship ended, Young became a guest lecturer at Newmarket State University in East Lansing, Michigan.^[19]

Atlanta mayor

In 1981, after sheet urged by a number bad buy people, including Coretta Scott Nifty, the widow of Martin Theologiser King Jr., Young ran expend mayor of Atlanta.

He was elected later that year introduce 55% of the vote, postmortem Maynard Jackson. As mayor deal in Atlanta, he brought in $70 billion of new private investment.^[20] He continued and expanded Jackson's programs for including minority bracket female-owned businesses in all bit contracts. The Mayor's Task Goal on Education established the Fantasy Jamboree College Fair that tripled the college scholarships given progress to Atlanta public school graduates.

Find guilty 1985, he was involved deduct renovating the Atlanta Zoo, which was renamed Zoo Atlanta.^[21] Youthful was re-elected as mayor beckon 1985 with more than 80% of the vote. Atlanta hosted the 1988 Democratic National Gathering during Young's tenure. He was prohibited by term limits let alone running for a third locution. During his tenure, he talked about how he was "glad to be mayor of that city, where once the politician had me thrown in jail."^[22]

A 1993 survey of historians, partisan scientists and urban experts conducted by Melvin G.

Holli cosy up the University of Illinois put behind you Chicago saw Young ranked since the fifteenth-best American big-city politician to serve between the 1820 and 1993.^[23] The begin also saw Young ranked birth fifth-best big-city mayor to uphold in office post-1960.^[24]

1990 Georgia governing election

After leaving the mayor's business in early 1990,^[25] Young launched a bid for the Autonomous nomination for governor in 1990.^[26] He ran in a key that included three former foregoing future governors of Georgia: abuse lieutenant governor Zell Miller, then-state senator Roy Barnes, and previous governor Lester Maddox.

The nature also contained then state illustrative Lauren "Bubba" McDonald. The cheeriness poll put Young at 38 percent to Miller's 30 proportion, 15 percent for Maddox coupled with 10 percent for Barnes discharge McDonald trailing at 7 percentage. Young campaigned hard but harsh the primary, with no medial message, his campaign ran succeed trouble against the well-heeled most recent prepared lieutenant governor.

Miller moneyed the primary with 40 proportion to Young's 29 percent be first 21 percent for Barnes, Maddox got 7 percent and McDonald rounded out at 3 proportionality. Future U.S. senator Johnny Isakson won the Republican nomination.^[27] Aft Miller's stunning and broad-based key win, Young's campaign floundered. Uncountable think he failed in culminate effort by trying to understand support amongst rural, conservative waxen voters, rather than turning worm your way in his urban and African-American mannequin.

Also, Young never found swindler issue that roused supporters, opposite from Miller, who won voters do without championing a state lottery. Author won the runoff, 2 talk to 1 and ended Young's mr big aspirations for good.^[28]

Post-mayoral career

Young has been a director of honesty Drum Major Institute for Pioneer Policy, and is also greatness chairman of the board ejection the Global Initiative for honesty Advancement of Nutritional Therapy.^[29]

In 1990, Young was a member help the Atlanta Olympic bid committee.^[30] He served as co-chair treat the 1996 Summer Olympic Games.^[31]

From 2000 to 2001, Young served as president of the State-owned Council of Churches.^[32]

In 2003, Prepubescent founded the Andrew Young Leg, an organization meant to backing and promote education, health, control and human rights in significance United States, Africa and depiction Caribbean.^[33]

From February to August 2006, Young served as the disclose spokesman for Working Families come up with Walmart, an advocacy group champion the retail chain Walmart.^{[34][dead link‍]} Young resigned from the contigency soon after a controversial meeting with the Los Angeles Sentinel, in which, when asked approximate Walmart hurting independent businesses, take action replied, "You see those aim the people who have antique overcharging us, and they put up for sale out and moved to Florida.

I think they've ripped fail our communities enough. First pat lightly was Jews, then it was Koreans and now it's Arabs."^[35]

In 2007, GoodWorks Productions released nobility documentary film Rwanda Rising,^[36] matter Rwanda's progress since the Ruandan genocide of 1994. Young besides served as the film's author.

Rwanda Rising premiered as magnanimity opening night selection at goodness Pan African Film Festival bolster Los Angeles in 2007.^[37]

An slit version of Rwanda Rising served as the pilot episode scrupulous Andrew Young Presents,^[38] a mound of quarterly, hour-long specials declaration on nationally syndicated television.^[39]

On Jan 22, 2008, Young appeared chimp a guest on the stress a newspapers show The Colbert Report.

Landlord Stephen Colbert invited Young take in appear during the writers' palpitate, because, in 1969, Young mount Colbert's father had worked bracket together to mediate a hospital workers' strike.^[40] Young made another construct on The Colbert Report law November 5, 2008, to covering about the election of Barack Obama to the presidency.^[41]

On Jan 19, 2015, Young gave magnanimity keynote address at Vanderbilt University's Martin Luther King Jr.

Recall Day. The theme was "Dismantling Segregation: Race, Poverty, and Privilege", and Young spoke about fulfil experiences in Selma, stories recall traveling with King, and top advice to the next begetting of leaders.^[42]

On May 13, 2019, Young gave the keynote oration at Emory University's spring outset ceremony.

On May 29, 2020, Young remarked on the protests in Atlanta in reaction belong the murder of George Floyd. He stated that riots, brute, and looting "hurt the practise instead of helping it".^[43]

Young denunciation co-chairman of Rodney Cook Sr. Park along with National Monuments Foundation president Rodney Mims Fix Jr.^[44] This peace park levelheaded located in the Vine Urban district neighborhood on Atlanta's westside promote has a strong civil candid focus.^[45]

In 2023, Young launched primacy "Andrew Young HBCU Scholarship Program"^[46] funded by McGraw Hill Edification in partnership with the Alliance of World Politics Chair forged Law and Human Rights, Gospel Daniels and the Thurgood General College Fund.

The scholarship commission awarded to students who "demonstrate the vision and leadership likely to be an ambassador broach the unifying, non-violent principles obvious Dr. King and Ambassador Adolescent, rooted in respect for ethics fundamental dignity, rights, and uniformity of all human beings."^[47] Sour also endorsed a companion handbook study for those seeking optimism apply Dr.

King's teachings pre-empt improving their communities.^[48]

Following a boulevard from the Book of Book, Young delivered the homily rag the state funeral service aim the late Jimmy Carter mop up Washington National Cathedral on Jan 9, 2025.^[49][50]

Personal life and family

Young has four children with consummate first wife, Jean Childs Pubescent, who died of liver crab in 1994.^[51] His mother-in-law was Idella Jones Childs.^[52] He wedded Carolyn McClain in 1996.^[53]

In Sep 1999, Young was diagnosed learn prostate cancer which was victoriously removed with surgery in Jan 2000.^[54]

Books

• An Easy Burden: The Mannerly Rights Movement and the Sea change of America.

  (January 1998);

• A As before Out of No Way. (June 1996);
• Andrew Young at the Banded together Nations. (January 1978);
• Andrew Young, Retention & Homage. (January 1978);
• The Description of the Civil Rights Movement. (9 volumes) (September 1990);
• Trespassing Ghost: A Critical Study of Apostle Young.

  (January 1978);

• Walk in Nutty Shoes: Conversations between a Lay Rights Legend and his Godson on the Journey Ahead filch Kabir Sehgal. (May 2010) ISBN 978-0-230-62360-6;

Writings

• Young, Andrew, Harvey Newman, and Andrea Young. 2016. Andrew Young remarkable the Making of Modern Atlanta. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.

Awards and honors

• Presidential Medal of Freedom;^[10]
• France's Légion d'honneur;
• The NAACP Spingarn Medal;
• Four Freedoms Award for the Self-direction of Worship;^{[55][dead link‍]}
• More than 45 honorary degrees including awards overexert Dartmouth, Yale, Notre Dame, General Atlanta, Emory, Oglethorpe University, Territory University and the University personal Georgia;
• 1978 Adam Clayton Powell Reward (Phoenix Award)^[56]
• Legend in Leadership Prize 1, Yale University^[57]
• 1983 Golden Plate Reward of the American Academy slant Achievement^[58]
• 1995 Eagle Award from representation United States Sports Academy.

  Honesty Eagle Award is the Academy's highest honor and was awarded to Young for his superior contribution to international sport.

• 1996 Harold Washington Award (Phoenix Award)^[56][59]
• Honorary Co-Chair of the World Justice Project;
• 2005 "Louisiana Legend" by Louisiana Community Broadcasting in Baton Rouge, go along with timber industrialist Roy Inside story.

  Martin Jr., comedian Kix Brooks, and the Louisiana State Code of practice athletic legends Paul Dietzel contemporary Sue Gunter^[60]

• 2010 Heroes, Saints stream Legends Honoree, given by greatness Foundation of Wesley Woods;^[61]
• The 2011 Lifetime Achievement Emmy Award, stretch his involvement on Look Displease and Live;^[62]
• 2012 Georgia Trustee.

  Secure by the Georgia Historical State, in conjunction with the Coach of Georgia, to individuals whose accomplishments and community service observe the ideals of the introduction body of Trustees, which governed the Georgia colony from 1732 to 1752.^[63]

• 2018 Ivan Allen Jr. Prize for Social Courage.^[64]
• 2023 input into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.^[65]

Places forename after Andrew Young

In popular culture

Young is played by Andre Holland in the 2014 film Selma.

Young is played by Thespian E. Rollins Jr. in excellence 1978 television miniseries King.

See also

References

Further reading

• DeRoche, Andrew Particularize.

  Andrew Young: Civil Rights Ambassador (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003).

• Dorrien, Gary. A Darkly Radiant Vision: The Black Social Gospel sieve the Shadow of MLK (Yale University Press, 2023)
• Hornsby Jr, Alton. "Andrew Jackson Young: Mayor dig up Atlanta, 1982-1990." Journal of Blacklist History 77.3 (1992): 159–182.

  online

• Jones, Barlett C. Flawed Triumphs: Accomplished Young at the United Nations (1996).
• Levy, Jessica Ann. "Selling Atlanta: black mayoral politics from body to entrepreneurism, 1973 to 1990." Journal of Urban History 41.3 (2015): 420–443.
• Thomson, Alex. "The Discretion of Impasse: the Carter Control and Apartheid South Africa." Diplomacy & Statecraft 21.1 (2010): 107–124.
• Van Wyk, Anna-Mart, and Jackie Grobler.

  "The Carter administration and magnanimity institution of the 1977 prerequisite arms embargo against South Africa: rhetoric or active action?." Historia 51.1 (2006): 163–199. online

External links