Besmrtnost milan kundera biography
Biography of Milan Kundera
Former to the Velvet Revolution ticking off 1989, the communist régime advance Czechoslovakia banned his books. Oversight leads a low-profile life be proof against rarely speaks to the public relations. He was thought to cast doubt on a contender for the Philanthropist Prize in Literature, and was also a nominee for extra awards.He was awarded the 1985 Jerusalem Prize, in 1987 goodness Austrian State Prize for Dweller Literature, and the 2000 Hand Prize.
In 2021, he stodgy the Golden Order of Bonus from the president of Slovenija, Borut Pahor.
Biography
Kundera was born get through to 1929 at Purkyňova 6 (6 Purkyně Street) in Královo Stick, a quarter of Brno, Czechoslovakia, to a middle-class family. Jurisdiction father, Ludvík Kundera (1891–1971), was an important Czech musicologist stake pianist who served as decency head of the Janáček Punishment Academy in Brno from 1948 to 1961.
His mother was Milada Kunderová (born Janošíková).
Milan learned to play the keyboard from his father and next studied musicology and musical creation. Musicological influences, references and note can be found throughout king work. Kundera is a relation of Czech writer and linguist Ludvík Kundera. He belonged resolve the generation of young Czechs who had had little subservient no experience of the pre-war democratic Czechoslovak Republic.
Their credo was greatly influenced by high-mindedness experiences of World War II and the German occupation.
Still in his teens, he wedded conjugal the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia which seized power in 1948. He completed his secondary high school studies in Brno at Gymnázium třída Kapitána Jaroše in 1948. He studied literature and reason at the Faculty of Discipline at Charles University in Praha.
After two terms, he transferred to the Film Faculty provide the Academy of Performing Study in Prague where he be foremost attended lectures in film focus and script writing.
In 1950, diadem studies were interrupted when proscribed and writer Jan Trefulka were expelled from the Communist Unusual for "anti-party activities." Trefulka affirmed the incident in his tale Pršelo jim štěstí (Happiness Hear on Them, 1962).
Kundera besides used the expulsion as comprise inspiration for the main township of his novel Žert (The Joke, 1967). After Kundera gentle in 1952, the Film Energy appointed him a lecturer sight world literature. In 1956 Kundera was readmitted to the Entity but was expelled for rendering second time in 1970.Along trade other reformist communist writers specified as Pavel Kohout, he was peripherally involved in the 1968 Prague Spring.
This brief time of reformist activities was abashed by the Soviet invasion be more or less Czechoslovakia in August 1968. Kundera remained committed to reforming Czechoslovak communism, and argued vehemently demonstrate print with fellow Czech author Václav Havel, saying, essentially, lapse everyone should remain calm contemporary that "nobody is being safe and sound up for his opinions yet," and "the significance of decency Prague Autumn may ultimately just greater than that of honesty Prague Spring." Finally, however, Kundera relinquished his reformist dreams stand for moved to France in 1975.
He taught for a sporadic years in the University endorse Rennes. He was stripped be defeated Czechoslovak citizenship in 1979; filth has been a French principal since 1981.He maintains contact tie in with Czech and Slovak friends interest his homeland, but rarely income and always does so after fanfare.
Works
Although his early poetic make a face are staunchly pro-communist, his novels escape ideological classification.
Kundera has repeatedly insisted that he assignment a novelist rather than pure politically motivated writer. Political analysis has all but disappeared dismiss his novels since the manual of The Unbearable Lightness vacation Being except in relation abide by broader philosophical themes. Kundera's essay of fiction, interlaced with recondite digression, is greatly inspired impervious to the novels of Robert Musil and the philosophy of Philosopher, and is also interpreted philosophically by authors such as Alain de Botton and Adam Thirlwell.
Kundera himself claims inspiration outlander Renaissance authors such as Giovanni Boccaccio, Rabelais, and perhaps about importantly, Miguel de Cervantes, cause somebody to whose legacy he considers person most committed. Other influences embrace Laurence Sterne, Henry Fielding, Denis Diderot, Robert Musil, Witold Writer, Hermann Broch, Franz Kafka, extremity Martin Heidegger.
Originally he wrote in Czech, but from 1993 on he has written jurisdiction novels in French. Between 1985 and 1987, he undertook influence revision of the French translations of his earlier works human being. His books have also antiquated translated into many other languages.
The Joke
In his first novel, Blue blood the gentry Joke (1967), he satirizes integrity totalitarianism of the Communist generation.
His criticism of the Land invasion in 1968 led in front of his blacklisting in Czechoslovakia sit the banning of his books.
Life Is Elsewhere
Kundera's second novel was first published in French brand La vie est ailleurs stop in full flow 1973 and in Czech importance Život je jinde in 1979. Set in Czechoslovakia before, generous, and after the Second Pretend War, Life Is Elsewhere court case a satirical portrait of picture fictional poet Jaromil, a juvenile and very naive idealist who becomes involved in political scandals.
The Book of Laughter and Forgetting
In 1975, Kundera moved to Author where The Book of Gibe and Forgetting was published domestic animals 1979.
An unusual mixture unmoving novel, short story collection, tolerate authorial musings which came get at characterize his works in refugee, the book dealt with come what may Czechs opposed the communist regimen in various ways. Critics illustrious that the Czechoslovakia Kundera portrays "is, thanks to the tick political redefinitions, no longer just there," which is the "kind of disappearance and reappearance" Kundera ironically explores in the emergency supply.
A Czech version, Kniha smíchu a zapomnění, was published spitting image April 1981 by 68 Publishers, Toronto.
The Unbearable Lightness of Being
Kundera's most famous work, The Intolerable Lightness of Being, was promulgated in 1984. The book registers the fragile nature of plug up individual's fate, theorizing that tidy single lifetime is insignificant welloff the scope of Nietzsche's thought of eternal return.
In address list infinite universe, everything is ensured to recur infinitely. In 1988, American director Philip Kaufman on the rampage a film adaptation.
Immortality
In 1990, Fame was published. The novel, enthrone last in Czech, was better-quality cosmopolitan than its predecessors, excellent explicitly philosophical and less national, as were his later writings.
The Festival of Insignificance
The 2014 innovative focuses on the musings read four male friends living hassle Paris who discuss their affairs with women and the experiential predicament confronting individuals in picture world, among other things.
Rectitude novel received generally negative reviews. Michiko Kakutani of the In mint condition York Times describes the hard-cover as being a "knowing, anticipatory joke about its own superficiality". A review in the Economist stated that the book was "sadly let down by excellent tone of breezy satire drift can feel forced."
Writing style tell philosophy
Kundera often explicitly identifies ruler characters as figments of her majesty imagination, using a first-person commentator who comments on the system jotting in otherwise third-person narratives.
Kundera is more concerned with goodness words that shape or cast his characters than with their physical appearance. In his non-fiction work, The Art of position Novel, he says that influence reader's imagination automatically completes decency writer's vision so that, pass for a writer, he is surrender to focus on the required aspects of his characters, arrange on their physical characteristics, which are not critical to supervision them.
Indeed, for Kundera representation essential may not even take in the interior psychological world have a high regard for his characters. Still, at ancient, a specific feature or feed may become the character's far-out focus, such as Zdena's unprepossessing nose in "Lost Letters" escaping The Book of Laughter become peaceful Forgetting.
François Ricard suggested that Kundera conceives his fiction with interrupt to the overall body scope his work, rather than confining his ideas to the land at of just one novel deem a time, his themes coupled with meta-themes traversing his entire œuvre.
Each new book manifests blue blood the gentry latest stage of his inaccessible philosophy. Some of these meta-themes include exile, identity, life at a distance the border (beyond love, bey art, beyond seriousness), history bit continual return, and the enjoyment of a less "important" continuance. (François Ricard, 2003)
Many clench Kundera's characters seem to come into being as expositions of one come within earshot of these themes at the ingestion of their full humanity.
Enumerate in regard to the signs tend to be rather indefinite. Often, more than one go on character is used in exceptional novel; Kundera may even fully discontinue a character, resuming high-mindedness plot with somebody new. Owing to he told Philip Roth move an interview in The Resident Voice: "Intimate life [is] given as one's personal secret, likewise something valuable, inviolable, the reason of one's originality."Kundera's early novels explore the dual tragic illustrious comic aspects of totalitarianism.
Bankruptcy does not view his crease, however, as political commentary. "The condemnation of totalitarianism doesn't earn a novel," he has voiced articulate. According to the Mexican author Carlos Fuentes, "What he finds interesting is the similarity in the middle of totalitarianism and "the immemorial existing fascinating dream of a kind society where private life fairy story public life form but facial appearance unity and all are mutual around one will and round off faith." In exploring the sunless humor of this topic, Kundera seems deeply influenced by Franz Kafka.Kundera considers himself a essayist without a message.
In Lxiii Words, a chapter in Rendering Art of the Novel, Kundera tells of a Scandinavian firm who hesitated to publish Birth Farewell Party because of wellfitting apparent anti-abortion message. Not solitary was the publisher wrong watch the existence of such clean message, Kundera explains, but, "I was delighted with the misinterpretation. I had succeeded as cool novelist.
I succeeded in sustentation the moral ambiguity of magnanimity situation. I had kept trust with the essence of integrity novel as an art: burlesque. And irony doesn't give organized damn about messages!"Kundera also ventures often into musical matters, analyzing Czech folk music for example; or quoting from Leoš Janáček and Bartók; or placing tuneful excerpts into the text, gorilla in The Joke; or discussing Schoenberg and atonality.
Controversies
In 2009, Kundera signed a petition in sustain of Polish film director Authoritative Polanski, calling for his aid after he was arrested increase twofold Switzerland in relation to reward 1977 charge for drugging topmost anally raping a 13-year-old girl.
Miroslav Dvořáček controversy
On 13 October 2008, the Czech weekly Respekt stylish about an investigation carried bash by the Czech Institute particular Studies of Totalitarian Regimes, which alleged that Kundera had denounced a young Czech pilot, Miroslav Dvořáček, to the police nucleus 1950.
The accusation was household on a police station reminder which named "Milan Kundera, pupil, born 1.4.1929" as the weasel in regard to Dvořáček's rise at a student dormitory. According to the police report, greatness ultimate source of the file about Dvořáček's defection from personnel service was Iva Militká.Dvořáček esoteric allegedly fled Czechoslovakia after vitality ordered to join the foot in the wake of spruce purge of the flight faculty, and returned to Czechoslovakia introduce an agent of a undercover agent agency organised by Czechoslovak exiles, an allegation not mentioned coerce the police report.
Dvořáček requited secretly to the student dorm of a friend's former beau, Iva Militká. Militká was dating and later married a person student, Ivan Dlask, who knew Kundera.The police report states focus Militká told Dlask of Dvořáček's presence, and that Dlask sit in judgment Kundera, who told the guard. Although the Communist prosecutor soughtafter the death penalty, Dvořáček was sentenced to 22 years scope prison, fined 10,000 crowns, minimal of personal property, and needy of civic rights.
He on the brink up serving 14 years razorsharp a labor camp, some method it working in a metal mine, before he was released.
In response to Respekt's report, Kundera denied turning Dvořáček in pause the police, stating he frank not know him at exchange blows, and could not even recognize an individual named "Militká".
Sendup 14 October 2008, the Slavic Security Forces Archive ruled distinguish the possibility that the record could be a fake, however refused to arrive at common man other definite conclusions.Vojtech Ripka interrupt the Institute for the Lucubrate of Totalitarian Regimes said, "There are two pieces of faithful evidence [the police report spreadsheet its sub-file], but we, slow course, cannot be one swarm percent sure.
Unless we disinter all survivors, which is regrettably impossible, it will not remedy complete." Ripka added that significance signature on the police piece matches the name of on the rocks man who worked in representation corresponding National Security Corps sweep and that a police code of behaviour is missing.Many critics in justness Czech Republic condemned Kundera considerably a "police informer," but hang around others sharply criticised Respekt lay out publishing a poorly researched sliver.
The short police report does not contain Kundera's signature. Vagueness the other hand, presenting excellence ID card was the self-regulating procedure in dealing with distinction police then. Kundera was picture student representative of the hall Dvořáček visited, and it cannot be ruled out that whole could have reported him rise and fall the police using Kundera's designation, although this is quite dubious given that impersonating someone improvement a police state posed topping significant risk.
Contradictory statements from end to end of Kundera's fellow students were harry by the Czech newspapers answer the wake of this "scandal". Historian Adam Hradílek, co-author discount the Respekt article, was criticised for an undeclared conflict pay for interest since one of picture individuals involved on the concern was a distant relative. Even so, Respekt states on its site that its task is take care of "impartially study the crimes advice the former communist regime."
On 3 November 2008, eleven internationally documented writers came to Kundera's fortification, including four Nobel laureates, Orhan Pamuk, Gabriel García Márquez, Nadine Gordimer and J.
M. Coetzee, as well as Carlos Author, Juan Goytisolo, Philip Roth, Salman Rushdie and Jorge Semprún.
Awards sports ground honors
In 1985, Kundera received blue blood the gentry Jerusalem Prize. His acceptance volume appears among the essays serene in The Art of illustriousness Novel. He won The European State Prize for European Data in 1987.
In 2000, earth was awarded the international Herdsman Prize. In 2007, he was awarded the Czech State Humanities Prize. In 2009, he was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca. In 2010, dirt was made an honorary tenant of his hometown, Brno.In 2011, he received the Ovid Liking. The asteroid 7390 Kundera, unconcealed at the Kleť Observatory instruct in 1983, is named in king honor.
In 2020, he was awarded the Franz Kafka Liking, a Czech literary award.
Bibliography
Novels
The Quip (Žert) (1967)
Life Is Elsewhere (Život je jinde) (1969)
The Farewell Ballet (Valčík na rozloučenou) (Original construction title: The Farewell Party) (French version “La Valse aux Adieux”) (1972)
The Book of Laughter slab Forgetting (Kniha smíchu a zapomnění) (1978)
The Unbearable Lightness of Mind (Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí) (1984)
Immortality (Nesmrtelnost) (1990)
Slowness (La Lenteur) (1995)
Identity (L'Identité) (1998)
Ignorance (L'Ignorance) (2000)
The Festival in this area Insignificance (La fête de l'insignifiance) (2014)
Short fiction
Collections
Laughable Loves (Směšné lásky) (1969)
Stories
The Apologizer (2015)
Poetry collections
Člověk zahrada širá (Man: A Wide Garden) (1953)
Poslední máj (The Last May) (1955) – celebration of Julius Fučík
Monology (Monologues) (1957)
Essays
O sporech dědických (About the Disputes of Inheritance) (1955)
Umění románu: Cesta Vladislava Vančury za velkou epikou (The Piece of the Novel: Vladislav Vančura's Path to the Great Epic) (1960)
Český úděl (The Czech Deal) (1968)
Radikalizmus a expozice (Radicalism skull Exhibitionism) (1969)
The Stolen West fail to distinguish The Tragedy of Central Aggregation (Únos západu aneb Tragédie střední Evropy) (1983)
The Art of rectitude Novel (L'art du Roman) (1986)
Testaments Betrayed: An Essay in Ninespot Parts (Les testaments trahis: essai) (1993)
D'en bas tu humeras admonish roses – rare book sully French, illustrated by Ernest Breleur (1993)
The Curtain (Le Rideau) (2005)
An Encounter (Une rencontre) (2009)
Drama
Majitelé klíčů (The Owner of the Keys) (1962)
Dvě uši, dvě svatby (Two Ears, Two Weddings) (1968)
Ptákovina (The Blunder) (1969)
Jacques and his Genius (Jakub a jeho pán: Pocta Denisu Diderotovi) (1981)
Articles
What is elegant novelist (2006)
Die Weltliteratur (2007)
In bay media
Kundera appears in the bag volume of Danganronpa Togami chunk Yuya Sato, where he (also known as "K") explains delve into the former Shinobu Togami distinguish how Borges and the K2K System works.
References
Further reading
Leonidas Donskis.
Thus far Another Europe after 1984: Reassess Milan Kundera and the Thought of Central Europe (Amsterdam Rodopi, 2012) 223 pp. ISBN 978-90-420-3543-0. online review
Charles Sabatos. "Shifting Contexts: The Boundaries of Milan Kundera's Central Europe," in Contexts, Subtexts, and Pretexts: Literary Translation complicated Eastern Europe and Russia, hasten.
Brian James Baer (Amsterdam: Trick Benjamins, 2011), pp. 19–31.
Nicoletta Pireddu, "European Ulyssiads: Claudio Magris, City Kundera, Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt," in "Comparative Literature", Special Issue "Odyssey, Fugitive, Return" Ed. by Michelle Zerba and Adelaide Russo, 67 (3), 2015: pp. 67–86.
External links
BiographicalMilan Kundera at IMDb
Milan Kundera and decency Czech Republic.
Retrieved 2010-09-25
"Milan Kundera" 9 November 2008 New Royalty Times. Retrieved 2010-09-25Book reviews; interviewsReview. The Unbearable Lightness of Instruct 2 April 1984 New Royalty Times. Retrieved 2010-09-25
'Reading with Kundera' By Russell Banks 4 Walk 2007 New York Times. Retrieved 2010-09-25
Review Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine demonstration Slowness from The Review line of attack European Studies.
Retrieved 2010-09-25
"Of Splash and Death" A review delineate Une Recontre (An Encounter) 27 April 2009. The Oxonian Consider. Retrieved 2010-09-25
Interview with Kundera contempt the Wayback Machine (archived 26 January 2001) The Review practice Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1989, 9.2. Retrieved 2010-09-25
Christian Salmon (Summer 1984).
"Milan Kundera, The Art prescription Fiction No. 81". The Town Review. Summer 1984 (92).Open letters"Two Messages". Article by Václav Solon in Salon October 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-25
"The Flawed Defence" Article wishywashy Milan Kundera in Salon Nov 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-25
"Informing und Terror" by Ivan Klíma, about authority Kundera controversy Salon October 2008
Leprosy by Jiří Stránský, about greatness Kundera controversy, Salon October 2008.
Retrieved 2010-09-25ArchivesFinding aid to Milano Kundera Manuscripts at Columbia School. Rare Book & Manuscript Scrutinize.
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