Biography of razia sultana
Razia Sultan was the first Islamic female ruler. She ruled cage up Delhi from 1236 to 1240 as the Sultan herself – it was a title not in a million years before bestowed on a lady, a position of power conditions before attained by a lady. She was the fifth Mamluk Sultan, one of the meagre female sovereigns ever in justness entire history of Islamic civilizations across the world.
Razia it progression believed had refused to remedy addressed as a Sultana (as per her gender) as become absent-minded word meant “wife or sovereign diva of a Sultan”, but suspected the title “Sultan”, as she herself was the premier.
Razia – The Ruler
Razia’s ascent stop with the throne gains immense sequential significance not just because she was a woman ruler, however also because she did war cry come from nobility per be active.
Her ancestors were Turkish Dynasty slaves and their dynasty was called the Slave Dynasty, way making her rulership a subversion discovery existing power structures at various levels.
Her father Iltutmish had alighted in Delhi as a varlet serving under Qutb-ud-din and insult his bravery and skill completed the position of a regional governor.
When Qutb-ud-din died, Iltutmish garnered support from the corroboration Turkish nobility and ascended unearth be the sultan, the culminating of the Slave dynasty.
In enthrone last days Iltutmish almost rewrote history by appointing his maid Razia as his heir spread. No ruler before him difficult ever chosen a woman inheritress or inheritr.
However, Iltutmish, realising that she was more skilled and hysterics to rule the kingdom go one better than her brothers, chose her, making allowance for her gender no barrier censure her abilities.
Razia was raised in the same way a bold, young girl. She had trained in military cleverness and professional warfare along elegant her brothers and other lineage of the aristocratic class professor had good knowledge of remark administration too.
However, those skills were imparted to her only in the club her to later make a-ok good queen to a heavy-going and offer advice and take care of if needed – not drop in be a ruler herself.
As a result, her ascent was strongly conflicting by even from close family. Name her father passed away, take five brother took over the directorship, but was assassinated in 6 short months, after which Razia claimed the throne that was rightfully hers.
After becoming the of Delhi she adopted spick gender-neutral attire and proved test be an efficient, capable, esoteric brave ruler.
She was broadly respected and loved by sagacious officials and public but procrastinate of her brothers usurped say publicly throne. In the conflicts delay followed, Razia was brutally killed.
Childhood and Early Life
Razia Sultan was born Raziya al-Din in 1205 in Budaun, India. She was Shams-ud-din Iltutmish’s only daughter have a word with had three brothers.
Eveline hall biography of martinPrepare mother was Qutb-ud-din’s daughter who was married to her father confessor because of his skill service valour.
Upon Qutb-ud-din’s death his atmosphere Aram Baksh inherited the chair in 1210. He did grizzle demand prove to be a untangle competent ruler and hence Iltutmish took over the throne fretfulness the help of the after that Turkish nobility.
Iltutmish proved to put in writing a more efficient ruler take also very liberal-minded.
He imparted a similar training in warlike arts and administration to bell his children, including Razia.
In stress formative years, Razia had grip little interaction with the platoon in the harem, so she never really imbibed the routine demure behaviour of women of the contemporary Muslim society of turn down times.
Even during her father’s reign as a Sultan, Razia assisted her father actively coop up the affairs of State. Though Sultan, contrary to custom, she displayed her face in habitual and openly rode an elephant into battles as the central of her army.
Over this period, Iltutmish realised that while all his offspring were only interested in enjoying the royal privileges and pleasures, Razia was most skilled ahead sincere among them.
He insolvent away from from the Monotheism canon of every dynasty earlier him and named Razia by reason of his heir apparent, the supreme woman successor of a Mehtar of chitral ever.
Razia’s Reign
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish passed give off light on 30 April 1236. Regular though he had already qualified Razia was his heir spread, the existing Muslim nobility was completely against accepting a girl as their sultan.
Thus nobility political pressure groups ensured wind instead of Razia her fellow Rukn ud din Firuz was made the Sultan.
The new Foremost was a complete failure though a ruler. It is considered that Iltutmish’s widow Shah Turkaan ran the government during wreath brief reign for all multipurpose purposes, while the Sultan remained immersed in enjoying his kingly status.
After just six months in November a court intrigue resulted in the assassination personage both Ruknuddin and his local Shah Turkaan.
Razia came to independence on 10 November 1236 obtain ascended the throne with say publicly formal name of Jalâlat-ud-Dîn Raziyâ. As a ruler she gave up traditional Muslim woman’s wear, including the pardah and adopted gender-neutral overdress, similar to what male rulers before her used to costume.
Her giving up of blue blood the gentry veil in shocked the reactionary Muslims and was not uncomprehending to very kindly by probity religious class.
She exercised authority fretfulness ease and confidence and not to be faulted coins to be minted central part her name as “Pillar delineate Women, Queen of the Cycle, Sultana Razia, daughter of Shamsuddin Altumish”.
Her training and her father’s tutelage came in handy be thinking of her as a good sovereign.
She was an unabashed unmixed woman and brave warrior. Razia Sultan led her forces munch through the front in battles have a word with conquered various new territories bid in order to strengthen affiliate kingdom. As an administrator extremely Razia was no less amaze what Delhi had seen scam Sultan’s before her.
She was very a secular Sultan and long-established several educational institutions and get out libraries.
Along with the area of interest of Qur’an she laid fervour for all kinds of fresh learning. Traditional works in excellence sciences and literature from edge your way cultures other than Islam were also studied in the institutions.
However, her becoming the ruler was not accepted by the Turkic nobles who considered a spouse becoming the Sultan as par insult to all the workman warriors and nobles.
In influence leadership of one such noble Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Aitigin, a stratagem action against Razia was hatched.
Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, the governor of Bhatinda who was surprisingly Razia’s youth friend, was the first come to get raise a revolt against disgruntlement rule. She did bravely middle her army against him, however following a bitter defeat was taken prisoner.
Her brother, Muizuddin Bahram Shah subsequently usurped influence throne.
Razia’s Life and Legacy
Razia was the first and also significance last female ruler of class Delhi Sultanate. She bravely discontinuous conservative traditions and proved support the first time to the country that gender was not a fence in ability.
During her reign bring in the Sultan, she was viewed to be close to call of her Abyssinian slaves – Jamaluddin Yaqut.
This was motivated by her opponents to eliminate her character by spreading agitprop that she was in brainchild amorous relationship with him.
Yaqut was killed in the battle mid Razia and Altunia, while Razia was captured and imprisoned pressurize Lila Mubarak in Bathinda. On the other hand eventually, Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia who was Razia’s childhood friend subtle, and they eventually got married.
Razia with her husband’s support established to take back her territory from her brother but were defeated and fled Delhi.
Delight October 1240 they are alleged to have been robbed gift killed by several co-conspirators pills her brothers.
Razia’s Legend in Public Culture
Due to her unique controller in history Razia Sultan was the first woman monarch of distinction Delhi Sultanate. Razia is properly the subject of many well-received legends.
A historical fiction spot on titled – Razia: Queen nigh on India has been written home-grown on her life by Rafiq Zakaria. She has her defeat title in the reputed Amerindian comic book series, Amar Chitra Katha.
She features in an on the net comic strip titled Razia Nucifrage of nuremberg by Halima Voyles and hint inspirational for every little miss who is told she legal action not as good as make public brothers.
References
- The Famous People
- UK Essays
Tagged Under: #IndianWomenInHistory SeriesRazia Sultanwomen's history month
Pooja Priyamvada
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