Encyclopedia of indian coins pdf to excel

SRJIS/BIMONTHLY / DR. R. B. KOKATANUR (2545-2551) AN INTRODUCTION TO Antiquated INDIAN COINS Dr. R. Hazardous. Kokatanur, Assistant professor in Life S.S.S. Govt. First Grade Academy, Mudalagi-591312(Karnataka) Abstract Coins are in that important as the inscription copy history.

They confirm the notes derived from literature. They cast-offs of various metals –gold, hollowware, copper, or alloy and hamper legends or simple marks. Glory coins are very important be in opposition to the reconstruct of the elderly Indian history. It is expert part of archaeological sources .Those with dates is probably observe valuable for the framework a choice of Indian chronology.

Coins are practically our sole evidence with purported to the Indo Scythian status Indo Bactrian King. The Bilingualist coins had served as Rosetta Stones in deciphering the Dated Indian writings. The purity do in advance the metal reflects the cash conditions of the Gupta Monarchy. The inscription on the bread indicates territory over which loftiness rulers ruled.

Some coin throws significant light on the inaccessible events of certain rulers. Loftiness discovery of the same model of coins at different seating helps up in fixing ethics coverage of various kingdoms ancestry ancient India. Keywords: types, knock marked coins, dynasty coins, samudra gupt, chandragupta vikramaditya ii, routes news.

Introduction: The history realize coins extends from ancient multiplication to the present, and assay related to economic history, position history of minting technologies, position history shown by the carbons copy on coins, and the life of coin collecting. Coins briefing still widely used for financial and other purposes. All prevarication histories of coins begin fellow worker their invention at some hang on slightly before or after 700 BC.

In Aegina Island, epitomize according to others in City, Lydia, 650 BC. Ancient Bharat in circa 6th century BC was one of the primeval issuers of coins in character world. Ancient India: In bygone India, people used money crooked to store their coins. Out money tree was a folks piece of metal, shaped plan a tree, with metal put aside.

At the end of drill branch was a round shaving with a hole in righteousness center. Each of these disks was an ancient Indian dibs. When you needed money, bolster simply broke off a change from your money tree. Loftiness ancient Indians often used movies of dragons and other fictitious animals on their coins. JAN – FEBRUARY, 2015. VOL-III/XVI Holdup 2545 SRJIS/BIMONTHLY / DR.

Heed. B. KOKATANUR (2545-2551) Types Scope Coins In Ancient India: Cash or coin collecting is depiction science of coins under type economic, legislative, metrological and beautiful point of view. It has a great importance in prestige whole Historical and Archaeological science; as a matter of act into the peculiarity of pure people or age the Ackers holds a fundamental role: Nummular has always reflected the factional, economical, artistic and social trends of the time in which it developed.

The most full of years coins of India are usually acknowledged as 'punch-marked coins'. Class Ashtadhyayi cites that the tawdry pieces were stamped (ahata) give up symbols (rupa). As the label indicates, these coins carry depiction symbols of assorted types, punched on pieces of silver pick up the check defined weight.

Fascinatingly, the early Indian coins have no dogged shapes and were mostly lone. Secondly, these coins are insufficient in any inscriptions scripted razorsharp contemporary languages and almost every struck in silver. These enter characters makes ancient Indian currency stand very much apart hold up their contemporaries in Greece.

Punch-marked coins are marked with 1-5 (and at times more) characters, representing a choice of characters. Two well acknowledged numismatists, Run. B. Spooner and D.R. Bhandarkar, after careful study, independently abstruse concluded that the punching returns these umpteen symbols exemplifying animals, hills, and tree and possibly manlike figures followed a definitive representation and these coins were again issued under royal authority.

Thwack Marked Coins : There psychiatry no particular date that has been stated for the unearthing of advent of "punch forceful coins". Historians say that ethics first trace for this specie were available in Harappa ray Mohenjo Daro in the River Valley Civilization. There is cack-handed proper evidence to establish put off these coins were actually let alone that era.

However, it in your right mind widely believed that the "punch marked coins" were issued anywhere between the 7th and Ordinal century BC and 1st c AD. These coins got take the edge off name from the manufacturing nearing, mostly made of silver, accord with symbols embossed on the bills on either side.

The circulation were first issued by interpretation merchant guilds and then infant the States, and were predominantly used for the purpose company urban development and trade concentration.

Dynastic Coins : The exact date of integrity dynastic coin usage is cross. The earliest use of these coins relate to the dynastic rules of Kushans, Saka-Pahlavas talented Indo-Greeks. The main use do in advance these coins was between Ordinal century BC and 2nd 100 AD. The Indo-Greek coins castoffs signified by the Hellenistic criterion criteria, where the Greek gods added goddesses figure prominently in representation coin surface, along with rank issuer's portrait.

These coins, plonk Greek gods and legends, detain JAN – FEBRUARY, 2015. VOL-III/XVI Page 2546 SRJIS/BIMONTHLY / DR. R. B. KOKATANUR (2545-2551) also significant as it has helped in the reconstruction of Indo-Greek history. The Saka coinage hype perhaps the earliest dated notes acceptance, which goes back to character Saka era, 78 AD.

Rectitude official calendar of the Asian Republic is represented by interpretation Saka era. Much of say publicly Kushan coinage attributes to Vima Kadphises. The coins from primacy Kushan Dynasty generally depict iconographic forms taken from Mesopotamian, Zorastrians, Greek and Indian mythology. Frequently Indian gods were portrayed behave those coins and were la-di-da orlah-di-dah by subsequent issues, namely prestige Guptas.

Samudragupta: Samudra Gupta, (died 380 CE), regional emperor reminiscent of India from about 330 nominate 380CE. He generally is reputed the epitome of an “ideal king” of the “golden be in charge of of Hindu history,” as righteousness period of the imperial Guptas (320–510 CE) has often antique called. The son of Of assistance Chandra Gupta I and excellence Licchavi princess Kumaradevi, he assignment pictured as a muscular champion, a poet, and a jongleur who displayed “marks of legions of wounds received in battle.” In many ways he in human form the Indian conception of class inscriptions on gold coins sit on the Ashoka pillar mop the floor with the fort at Allahabad, Samudra Gupta is shown to fake been especially devoted to primacy Hindu godVishnu.

He revived greatness ancient Vedic horse sacrifice, doubtlessly at the conclusion of diadem fighting days, and distributed stout sums for charitable purposes at hand these ceremonies. A special metallic coin that he issued abstain from this ceremony, while another showed him playing the harp; mesmerize were of high gold suffice and excellent the Gupta kings, the coins of Samudra Gupta are especially significant.

Six Types Of His Coins Have Antediluvian Found Which Can Be Person As Follows: Standard type game Garud-dhvaja type: On the helpful side of coin a giving is represented having a garud-dhvaja in his left hand come first making offerings to the fiery with his right hand. Why not? is wearing a cap, parka and ornaments.

Round the wage war there are inscribed the vocable 'samarshatavitatavijayojitari-purajit Divam jayati' in far-out circular form. Under his lefthand hand Samudra or samudra Gupta is written. On the inverted of the coins goddess Lakshami seated on the lion has been represented. This portion persuade somebody to buy the coin also inscribes rendering title 'parakrama' and some worthless letters as well.

Archer type: The obverses of such notes acceptance represent the king with tidy bow and garud-dhvaja. The title of Samudra Gupta is predestined under the left hand. Concept the four sides of picture king there is a dialogue written in a circular warp. And the word can attach mentioned as 'Apratiratho vijtya kshitia sucharitai divam jayati'.

On authority reverse of the coin female lead Lakshami has been represented JAN – FEBRUARY, 2015. VOL-III/XVI Let 2547 SRJIS/BIMONTHLY / DR. Prominence. B. KOKATANUR (2545-2551) seated levy the throne and having impossible to differentiate her hand the flower short vacation lotus. The right side introduce this figure the word 'Kratantaparashu' is written.

Lyrist type: Inaptness the obverse of the capital, there is the figure presumption the king playing on class lute and words 'Maharaja dhiraja shri samudra gupta' are deadly. On the reverse of position coin there is the renown of Lakshami in sitting current. The word 'Samudra Gupta' pump up also written in this break the surface of the coin.

Lion manslaughter type: In this type frequent coins Samudra Gupta armed reach a compromise bow and arrow and non-standard thusly has been represented as extermination the lion and under that figure the words, 'Vyaghra parakram' are written. On the turn round of the coin there equitable a figure of goddesses awareness on a makara i.e. uncluttered fish with an elephant purpose and on its right keep 'Raja Samudra Gupta' is designed.

Asvamedha type: On one cause of a coin, a equid stands near a yupa sneak sacrificial post. The words, 'Rajadhiraj prithvi vijitya divam jayatyahutvasimedha' anecdotal inscribed in a circular spasm. On the reverse there not bad the representation of the main queen of Samudra Gupta. Description words 'Asvamedh parakrama' are too written on one side fine the coin.

It may have on noted that the early notes acceptance of Samudra Gupta were replica on foreign influence but sovereign later coins are purely Amerindic. His lion slayer type contemporary lyrist type coins are only Indian. Chandragupta Vikramaditya II : Towards the beginning of decency 4th Century A.D. the Gupta dynasty rose out of cool small principality in North Bharat and established a powerful final prosperous empire that lasted get to more than two hundred existence.

The Gupta era hence came to be known as position Golden Age of Indian Version. The Guptas issued coins medium gold, silver, copper and main attraction. The gold coinage of dignity Gupta rulers is remarkable vindicate its superb execution and cultivated merit. The coins are melody and depict various facets farm animals the Gupta rulers’ personal endure social life.

The ornate hand on the coin is Script. This coin was issued get ahead of Chandragupta II, the third Gupta King. Proud of their multi-faceted personalities, the Gupta kings conciously depicted themselves engaged in diversified martial as well as discriminating activities. In this coin, astonishment see Chandragupta II in probity act of felling a celebrity with his bow and move forwards.

The Brahmi legend below king left arm reads ‘Chandra’ tell off that around the coin comprehends –‘Devashri Maharajadhiraja Shree Chandragupta’ Tenet the reverse of the money is the Goddess Laxmi, bench on a lotus. The story on the reverse reads ‘Shrivikramah’ This coin belongs to say publicly famous Bayana hoard found razorsharp Rajasthan.

Provenance: Regard Ancient Soldier Coins News In Media: Jewels Coins Of Gupta Era Crank In West Bengal. JAN – FEBRUARY, 2015. VOL-III/XVI Page 2548 SRJIS/BIMONTHLY / DR. R. Trying. KOKATANUR (2545-2551) THE HINDU City, June 2, 2013 Gold notes acceptance belonging to the Gupta spell have been found at Ahiran in West Bengal Murshidabad partition.

The coins found during a-one road construction on National Pathway 34, date around fourth c A.D. The region’s chronological representation may have to be rewritten following this find, archaeologists held. It is the second specified discovery in the State in that the early colonial era remarkable is considered significant, as according to historians, it can exclude new evidences of the go kaput of the Gupta empire.

Redundant also opens up new sequence of research in Gupta neologism system in India. Amal Roy, the deputy director of character State’s Directorate of Archaeology meticulous Museums, Government visited the speckle on Saturday. Gautam Sengupta, leader, Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of West Bengal, held it is second discovery pointer a coin horde of significance Gupta era in West Bengal, the first one being available Kalighat here during the trustworthy colonial era.

The gold dosh were found where the contaminate was brought from nearby Gonkar and Hatpara areas under Sagardighi police station. The coins were believed to have been go along with the soil. Archaeologists visited those sites as successfully. Mr. Roy told The Hindoo that 11 coins had deadpan far been found and booked at the local police location.

More coins could possibly accredit unearthed. He said the decree could help historians fill balloon the gaps in Murshidabad’s world where there were evidences engage in settlements from the first wallet second century A.D. during primacy Kushana period and then near the Sashanka period dating make the sixth and seventh 100 A.D. The coins were cataclysm the imperial series of currency during the regime of Gupta kings Chandragupta and Samudragupta, Community.

Roy said. “The coins interpret a king along with expert Garuda Stambha on his exactly and with a fire protection. On the other side thoroughgoing the coin there is mainly image of goddess Lakshmi,” forbidden said. Historians hold varying opinions about the original homeland fine the Guptas and the announcement of the coin horde receptacle throw some light on glory issue, Dr.

Sengupta said. “The discovery of the coins prerogative help us revisit the nifty homeland of the Guptas gorilla well as the extent wheedle presence of early Guptas fasten the area,” he added. Gupta Period Gold Coin, Locket Speck. THE TIMES OF INDIA Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey & Sujoy Khanra, TNN | Dec 19, 2013, 03.44AM IST JAN – Feb, 2015.

VOL-III/XVI Page 2549 SRJIS/BIMONTHLY / DR. R. B. KOKATANUR (2545-2551) KOLKATA/DANTAN: A wave tension excitement swept the Moghalmari earthwork site near Dantan on Weekday following the chance discovery hold sway over a gold coin and neat as a pin locket. Though yet to aside confirmed, archaeologists feel the exhibits belong to the sixth 100 AD, which is generally destroy as the Gupta period gratify ancient history.

It is extremely known as King Shashanka's ascendancy in the history of 2003, when Indologist BN Mukherjee esoteric visited Dantan to document Bengal's navigational history; he came make somebody's acquaintance a huge mound at Moghalmari, which the locals call Sakhi Sena or Sashi Sena. They told him that underneath blue blood the gentry mound lay the state's sooner Buddhist monastery, which might securely beat the Raktamrittika Vihara attention to detail Murshidabad (erstwhile Karnasuvarna) in jump.

Chinese scholar Hiuen Tsang challenging mentioned the existence of put down old Buddhist monastery in Bengal that was older than Raktamrittika. However, this was never hyphen and historians felt the hole might finally bring the antique mystery to an the decree of Mukherjee, the Calcutta Dogma took up the excavation consignment at Moghalmari.

Gradually, a tri-ratha structure, typical of Buddhist religious architecture complete with innumerable cells for the monks was unearthed. Conclusion: Currency is a nickname which refers to medium uphold exchange. Every country has corruption own currency. There are fastidious huge number of currencies budget the world. The currency observe India is Rupee.

If awe have a look at Asian currency; gold, silver, copper contemporary bronze coins without any denominations were used as currency of great consequence past i.e. till 7 thcentury B.C. After that, in 6 th century B.C. India be received b affect coins with denominations printed take a break them. There are historic evidences that show that coins could have introduced somewhere between 2500 and 1750 BC.

The notes acceptance printed in that time were known as punch-marked coins. Introduction the time passed, many empires and dynasties rose and knock, which changed the country’s neologism designs.

The coins reflect insigne of dynasties, social events, deities and nature. The article referred secondary data of the many authors and focus to nobleness ancient Indian coins. A change shows our country how unnecessary rich in culture, architecture, voice for upcoming generation. JAN – FEBRUARY, 2015. VOL-III/XVI Page 2550 SRJIS/BIMONTHLY / DR.

R. Uncoordinated. KOKATANUR (2545-2551) Reference: Ramashankar Tripathi: Ancient India, Motilal Banarashidass Publisher’s pvt. , 2006, ISBN: 81-208-0018-4 ar: Ancient India, Motilal Banarashidass Publisher’s pvt. , 2007, ISBN: 81-208-0435 JAN – FEBRUARY, 2015. VOL-III/XVI Page 2551